Tuesday, 6 January 2015

Blood and Poems: The Saga of Gunnlaug Serpent-Tongue

The Myth: Viking Sagas! Blood! Magic! Snow! Violence! Seafaring! Vicious, vicious poetry!
The Book: Sagas of Warrior-Poets
The Author:  Various bards of the thirteenth century.
This text: Paperback anthology from a 1997 translation by various scholars
Price: Well, I paid $16.95 according to the sticker. (Penguin Classics. Amazon has an etext which is slightly cheaper, and there are probably earlier translations around.)

The Saga of Gunnlaug Serpent-Tongue
When Helga Thorsteindottir was born, it was prophesied that she would cause the death of two men before marrying a third. Thorstein gave orders that she should be exposed, to save himself any   trouble that might result, but his wife Jofrid sent her in secret to a fostering. Many years later, Thorstein is introduced to Helga and told that she is his daughter. He repents his previous stupidity and takes her home with him.

Shortly after, two brothers are fostered with Thorstein. One is a promising chief-in-the-making called Hermund, the other is the promising if acerbic poet named Gunnlaug Serpent-Tongue. The fostering has come about because twelve-year-old Gunnlaug has asked his father Illugi for trade goods to fund an international trading expedition, and Illugi reckons he's too young and needs to learn a bit of Icelandic law.

Gunnlaug and Helga fall in love over a mutual love of board games, and also because Helga is the most beautiful woman in Iceland. Thorstein teaches Gunnlaug all about Icelandic law. Gunnlaug practices the betrothal process on Helga, to everyone's amusement, except, perhaps, Thorstein's.

Some time later, Thorstein offers Gunnlaug a horse. Gunnlaug refuses, saying that he's planning on going overseas and can't possibly take a horse, and suggests Thorstein offers him his daughter instead. Thorstein says that he considers him too young and reckless, and besides, he's going overseas and can't possibly take his wife. There are some complicated negotiations, and it is agreed that Gunnlaug will be allowed to marry Helga if he returns from his overseas jaunt within three years.

Gunnlaug's overseas jaunt starts badly when he insults the Earl of Norway. However, he soon finds favour with King Ethelred of England, and takes service with him as warrior and poet. When Gunnlaug runs afoul of the thug and bandit Thororm, King Ethelred presents him with a sword to duel him with. Thororm has a charm that lets him blunt any weapon he looks at; therefore Ethelred recommends Gunnlaug show him a different sword before the duel. Gunnlaug does so, and wins great favour in England by slaying Thororm.

Gunnlaug travels a bit here and there, befriending the kings of Ireland and Sweden. In the Swedish court he meets Hrafn Onundson, who hails from the same part of Iceland as he does. The two get on pretty well, until Gunnlaug insults Hrafn's poetry before the king. Hrafn says that this will not stand. Hrafn returns home to Iceland, and Gunnlaug goes back to England.

Gunnlaug is coming to the end of his three years, but England is threatened by Canute of Denmark. King Ethelred doesn't let him go. When another summer passes without a Danish invasion, the king relents, and Gunnlaug hightails it back to Iceland. On the way back, he meets Hallfred Troublesome-Poet, who tells him that Hrafn intends to seek Helga's hand. Gunnlaug heads back to Iceland, but is too late: Helga is married to Hrafn.

Illugi and Hermund tell Gunnlaug that there are plenty more fish in the cold northern seas, but Gunnlaug will have none of it. He spends as much time as he can with Helga, giving her gifts. Helga has no love at all for Hrafn, and Hrafn blames Gunnlaug. At the Althing, they bicker, and Gunnlaug challenges Hrafn to a duel. Hrafn hits Gunnlaug's shield so hard that his sword breaks, scratching Gunnlaug's cheek as it shatters. Gunnlaug claims a technical victory because Hrafn is disarmed; Hrafn claims the same because Gunnlaug is wounded. Neither is satisfied, but the Althing votes to outlaw duelling, so that was the last duel ever fought in Iceland.

But not the last fought in Norway: Hrafn and Gunnlaug agree to continue the duel overseas. Gunnlaug chops of Hrafn's leg, but Hrafn doesn't yield. Gunnlaug says he won't duel with someone who can't actually stand up. Hrafn says he'll be alright, if he can just have a drink of water. Gunnlaug agrees to fetch him water in his helmet. Hrafn stabs him in the head.

They fight longer, and Gunnlaug gets a technical victory in that Hrafn dies first, but neither survives the duel.

News reaches Illugi and Hermund, and they kill and maim a couple of Hrafn's kinsmen in vengeance for Gunnlaug. Helga is married to someone else, but never quite gets over her first love. She eventually dies of grief, and also plague.

And this is the end of the saga.

Next: Bjorn's Saga.

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